Basna biochar - great potential for sustainable agriculture, livestock and wastewater treatment

The company Basna is an important and active participant in the scientific and technological community of NTP Čačak. It is engaged in the production of biochar, which, in addition to being created in a way that implies the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, is largely important for sustainable agriculture, animal husbandry, wastewater treatment and various other industrial processes. The use of biochar can refer to the reduction of mineral fertilizers (N) in agriculture, reduction of the use of antibiotics in livestock, more efficient approach to wastewater treatment, recovery of infertile soils, reduction of water use for irrigation and better management of organic waste.

For a better understanding, it is necessary to point out the specifics of the way in which biochar was obtained, as well as the environmental advantages that arise from such production.

First of all, organic waste generated in everyday natural processes is a raw material for biochar production. During the production of ordinary, charcoal, gases such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane and other, much more complex molecules (such as tar derivatives) are separated from the biomass. Most of these gases are harmful and their impact on global warming is greater than the impact of carbon dioxide. Traditional charcoal furnaces emit such gases into the atmosphere without any filtration.

Unlike traditional methods, the biomass carbonization technology used by Basna implies the fact that these gases are combustible and are therefore treated as an energy source and, in the production process, reduced to CO2 and H2O. In such a production system, methane and other harmful gases are not released into the atmosphere, which is, in an ecological sense, a very suitable solution. Another aspect of the production process is the sequestration of CO2 from the atmosphere into the carbon network of carbon, where it remains in this state for up to several decades.

Coal produced in this way can be "enriched" in relation to the various possibilities of its application. Agro-coal, for example, is a specially formulated product that improves soil quality, humus production, soil moisture retention capacity, increases plant fertility and resistance, and reduces pesticide use.

Livestock product "Karbohran" has a high capacity of absorption of toxins from animal feed and a measurable impact on animal health. It should also be noted that the quality certification of this product was obtained in Europe, because the product meets the strict requirements of European certification for biochar (EBC).

In addition to use in agriculture and animal husbandry, pure carbon can also be used in water purification (for example in slaughterhouses with problematic lipids and proteins). Also, EBC biochar is used in the process of anaerobic digestion, where it increases the production of methane and thus the output of electricity obtained from the production of biogas.

Basna does business with European countries and according to Vesna Baur, director, it is planned to expand capacity and place products on the domestic market:
- When the situation with the Covid 19 virus normalizes, the focus will be on expanding capacity and placing products on the domestic market. In that sense, business-technical cooperation with the Science and Technology Park Čačak is very important to us. I would also like to mention that, in addition to foreign institutes with which we cooperate, we also cooperate with the Laboratory for Soil and Agroecology of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops Novi Sad and with the research group for animal reproduction of the Institute for Medical Research at the University of Belgrade.

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